The duties of Hajj and Umrah begin with Ihram at the 'meeqaat', which is any geographical location some distance from Makkah beyond which a pilgrim may not pass without being in Ihram.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) specified particular places for ihraam, from which the person who wants to do Hajj or Umrah has to enter ihraam, and it is not permissible to pass them until he enters ihraam, because passing them before entering ihraam is transgressing one of the limits of Allaah, and Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And whoever transgresses the limits ordained by Allaah, then such are the Zaalimoon (wrongdoers)" [Qur'an 2:229]
The prophet has specified five such points for assuming Ihram for people coming from various locations to Makkah. They are:
1. Dhul-Halayfah: Known As: Abyar Ali This is the appointed place for the people of Madina. It is 435 KM from Makkah.
2. Al-Juhfah: For people of al-Shaam (Syria, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon region) and Egypt. It is 180 KM from Makkah.
3. Yalamlam: For people coming from the side of Yemen. It is about 92 KM from Makkah.
4. Qarn al-Manaazil: For those coming from or through Najd or Taaif. It is 75 KM from Makkah.
5. Dhatu Irq: For those coming from Iraq, Khurasan, Central and North Najd. It is about 100 KM from Makkah.
Proof from Hadith:
In al-Saheehayn and elsewhere it is narrated from Ibn ?Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) defined the meeqaat of the people of Madeenah as Dhu?l-Hulayfah; that of the people of Shaam (Syria) as al-Jahfah; that of the people of Najd as Qarn al-Manaazil; and that of the people of Yemen as Yalamlam. And he said: "And these meeqaats are for the people at those very places, and besides them for those who come through those places with the intention of performing Hajj and 'Umrah; and whoever is living within these boundaries can enter Ihram from the place he starts"
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1524; Muslim, 1181.
So the one who intends to do Hajj or Umrah must enter ihraam from these meeqaats when he comes to them, whether he comes by land or sea or air.
If he is coming by land or sea he should stop there when he passes through if it is on his route, or he should stop at a place that is parallel with it if it is not on his route, and do what is required when entering ihraam, namely doing ghusl, perfuming his body and putting on the ihraam garments, then he should enter ihraam before leaving the place.
If he is coming by air, he should do ghusl before getting on board the plane, and put on perfume and the ihraam garments before the plane comes in line with the meeqaat, then he should enter into ihraam just before it comes in line with the meeqaat; he should not wait until it is in line with it, because planes travel quickly and he will not have the opportunity, so if he enters ihraam before to be on the safe side, there is nothing wrong with that.
✍️ Uncle Yunus
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